Ideal oral electrolyte solution

According to Geof Smith, assistant professor of ruminant medicine at North Carolina State University, the ideal oral electrolyte solution for neonatal ruminants should contain the following:

• A sodium concentration between 90 and 130 millimoles per liter (mM/L).
• A potassium concentration between 10 and 30 mM/L.
• A chloride concentration between 40 and 90 mM/L.
• An alkalizing agent, such as acetate, propionate and bicarbonate.
• A glucose-to-sodium ratio of between 1:1 and 3:1.
• Neutral amino acids, such as glycine, alanine or glutamine, to facilitate absorption and provide energy.

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